The CAA recognizes that P3s offer an appealing financing solution for certain types of projects, and are therefore likely to be around as a delivery model for years to come. However, we caution that they are not always the best solution, may have negative impacts on design and ultimate usability, and may not necessarily be in the long-term interest of the owners and end users.

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When a P3 model is to be used, the CAA recommends the following elements:

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• Use of fair procurement practices, including fair honoraria.
   

• Consulting firms participating in the bridging phase should not be able to participate in the pursuit phase.
   

• Shortlist limited to 3 proponents.
   

• An appropriate time frame for both the procurement phase and the project delivery phase.
   

• Appropriate access to stakeholders / end users throughout the project.